AXI Unaligned Big-Endian Write to Address 0x1 with 32-bit Data Width In the context of the AXI protocol, unaligned accesses are a common scenario that requires careful handling, especially when considering endianness. The AXI protocol supports both little-endian and big-endian data formats, and the addressing and WSTRB (write strobe) configuration must be correctly set to…
BP140 Memory Range Limitation Leading to Data Abort Exceptions The core issue revolves around the BP140 memory model in an ARM-based cycle model platform, which includes an A55x2 cluster, CCI550 interconnect, GIC600 interrupt controller, NIC400 network interconnect, and BP140_trickbox. The problem manifests when executing load (LDR) instructions targeting memory addresses above 0x1000_0000, resulting in a…
AMBA-PV Decoder Configuration for Non-Contiguous Address Ranges When designing ARM-based SoCs, integrating custom register blocks with non-contiguous address ranges into the AMBA-PV simulation environment can present significant challenges. The core issue arises when a custom register block class, such as Oscar Huang’s home-grown register block, spans multiple address ranges (e.g., [A..B] and [C..D]) but is…
ARM Mali GPU Fast-Models Lack Functional DRAM Access Simulation The core issue revolves around the inability of ARM Mali GPU Fast-Models to simulate functional DRAM memory accesses during OpenCL application execution. While the GPU Fast-Models provide a register interface and simulate interrupts, they do not perform actual memory read/write operations to DRAM. This limitation becomes…
ARM Foundation Platform Stage 2 Translation Faults and Debugging Challenges When working with the ARM Foundation Platform, one of the most complex tasks is enabling and debugging stage 2 address translation. Stage 2 translation is a critical component of virtualization, where the hypervisor manages the translation of guest physical addresses (GPA) to system physical addresses…
NIC-400 Network Suitability for ARM MCU Integration The integration of the NIC-400 network interconnect with ARM-based MCUs presents a unique set of challenges and considerations. The NIC-400, a highly configurable network interconnect from ARM, is designed to facilitate efficient communication between various components in a System-on-Chip (SoC). However, when integrating the NIC-400 with ARM MCUs,…
ARM NIC-400 Interconnect Configuration Challenges in Multi-Master Multi-Slave Systems In ARM-based SoC designs, the NIC-400 interconnect plays a critical role in managing communication between multiple masters and slaves. The NIC-400 is a highly configurable interconnect that supports AMBA protocols such as AXI, AHB, and APB, making it suitable for complex SoC architectures. However, when designing…
AHB INCR16 Burst Transfer with BUSY States and HREADY Toggling In AHB (Advanced High-performance Bus) protocol-based designs, burst transfers are a common mechanism to improve data throughput by allowing multiple data transactions in a single address phase. The INCR16 burst type is particularly used for transferring up to 16 beats of data in an incrementing…
AXI 64-bit to AHB 32-bit Protocol and Data Width Conversion Issues When designing a bridge to connect an AXI 64-bit master to an AHB 32-bit slave, several architectural and protocol-level challenges arise. The primary issue stems from the inherent differences between the AXI and AHB protocols, compounded by the data width mismatch. AXI, being a…
ARM FVP Simulator Debugging Challenges and Setup Debugging ARM-based System-on-Chip (SoC) designs using the Fixed Virtual Platform (FVP) simulator presents unique challenges, especially when integrating complex IP blocks and ensuring system-level functionality. The FVP simulator is a critical tool for pre-silicon validation, enabling developers to emulate ARM-based systems and debug software and hardware interactions. However,…