AXI4 Byte-Invariant Addressing and Unaligned Transfer Behavior The AXI4 protocol, as part of the ARM AMBA specification, is designed to handle data transfers with a high degree of flexibility, including support for unaligned transfers. In the context of AXI4, an unaligned transfer occurs when the starting address of a data transfer does not align with…
AXI VIP Fails to Complete 128-bit Read Burst with ARLEN=0x7 The core issue revolves around an AXI Verification IP (VIP) acting as a memory model during a read burst transaction. The AXI master initiates a read burst with the following parameters: ARSIZE=0x4 (128-bit data width), ARLEN=0x7 (8 transfers), and ARBURST=0x1 (INCR burst type). The expected…
ARM Cortex-M Emulation Challenges for Beginners in Embedded Systems When starting with embedded systems development, especially for ARM Cortex-M microcontrollers, one of the first decisions is whether to use an emulator or real hardware. Emulators like QEMU or Arm’s Fixed Virtual Platforms (FVPs) provide a software-based environment to simulate the behavior of ARM Cortex-M microcontrollers….
Cortex-R82 Fast Model Beta Status and Release Timeline The Cortex-R82 Fast Model is currently in a beta state, with limited availability for specific use cases. The beta model, specifically the Cortex-R82r0 variant, lacks an MMU (Memory Management Unit) and is distributed on a demand basis. This means that interested parties must contact ARM support directly…
Mali Texture Tool Fails to Open ETC2 sRGB(A) KTX Files The Mali Texture Tool exhibits a critical limitation in its ability to process KTX files encoded with ETC2 sRGB(A) formats. This issue is particularly problematic for developers working with albedo textures, which predominantly utilize sRGB(A) formats for accurate color representation. The tool successfully opens other…
AHB3_Lite Protocol Alignment Requirements for Address Transfers The AHB3_Lite protocol enforces strict alignment requirements for address transfers, which are critical for ensuring proper data integrity and system performance. According to the protocol specification, all transfers within a burst must be aligned to the address boundary that corresponds to the size of the transfer. This means…
USB Detection Failure After Code Modifications The core issue revolves around the USB device not being detected by the host computer after modifications were made to the original code. The original code, when uploaded to the board, successfully enables the USB device to be detected by the computer. However, after making several changes to the…
ICODE and DCODE Fetch Behavior in ARM Cortex-M Systems In ARM Cortex-M systems, the ICODE and DCODE buses are critical components of the memory interface architecture. The ICODE bus is primarily responsible for fetching instructions from memory, while the DCODE bus handles data accesses. Both buses can access the same memory range, such as FLASH…
Model Debugger Flickering and Hanging During Multi-Target Initialization The issue described involves the ARM Fast Models (FM) debugger becoming unstable when attempting to load more than one target, such as a CPU and a Flash device. The debugger window flickers continuously, and the second instance of the target fails to initialize properly, leading to a…
AHB Protocol Constraints on Master-Slave Configuration The Advanced High-performance Bus (AHB) protocol, part of the ARM AMBA (Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture) family, is designed to facilitate efficient communication between multiple masters and slaves in a System-on-Chip (SoC). However, the protocol imposes specific constraints on the number of masters and slaves that can be connected to…