Undefined Instruction Error on ICC_HSRE Access in AArch32 EL2 The core issue revolves around an undefined instruction error when attempting to access the ICC_HSRE (Interrupt Controller Hyp System Register Enable) register in AArch32 EL2 mode on a Cortex-A53 processor with a GICv3 (Generic Interrupt Controller version 3) implementation. The specific instruction causing the error is:…
Cortex-M0+ DSP Performance Bottlenecks in FFT and FIR Processing The Cortex-M0+ is a highly efficient, low-power microcontroller core designed for cost-sensitive and power-constrained applications. However, its simplicity and lack of specialized hardware for digital signal processing (DSP) operations, such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filtering, can lead to significant performance…
ARM Cortex-A53 Stage-2 Translation Table Initialization and HCR.VM Crash When enabling stage-2 translation on an ARM Cortex-A53 processor in AArch32 mode, setting the HCR.VM bit to 1 can lead to a system crash if the stage-2 translation table is not properly configured. Stage-2 translation is a critical component of ARM virtualization, allowing a hypervisor to…
DRAM Address Mapping and Physical Memory Hierarchy on Cortex-A72 ARMv8 The Cortex-A72 ARMv8 processor, like many modern ARM cores, relies on a complex memory hierarchy to manage data efficiently. One critical aspect of this hierarchy is the DRAM address mapping, which determines how physical memory addresses are translated into specific locations within the DRAM structure….
ARMv8-A Real-Time Counter Requirements and Challenges In ARMv8-A architectures, particularly in multicore systems like the Xilinx RFSoC with four Cortex-A53 cores, achieving a low-overhead, high-resolution real-time counter that is consistent across all cores and accessible from user-level code (EL0) is a non-trivial task. The primary requirement is to read a counter with a resolution of…
ARM Cortex-A Bare Metal I/O Architecture and Documentation Gaps When working with ARM Cortex-A processors in a bare-metal environment, one of the most significant challenges is understanding and implementing I/O operations without the abstraction layers provided by an operating system. The Cortex-A series, known for its application-grade performance, is typically integrated into complex System-on-Chip (SoC)…
ARM Cortex-M7 Cache Coherency Challenges with Peripheral DMA Transfers The ARM Cortex-M7 processor, with its advanced features like data cache and high-performance memory system, is widely used in embedded systems requiring efficient data processing. However, these features can introduce complexities when interfacing with peripheral DMA engines, such as the Ethernet GMAC (Gigabit Media Access Controller)….
ARM Address Size Faults in Long-Descriptor Translation Table Formats Address size faults in ARM architectures occur when the translation of a virtual address to a physical address encounters an inconsistency or violation in the address size constraints defined by the Long-descriptor translation table format. Specifically, the fault is triggered when bits [47:40] of a descriptor…
UART Initialization and Configuration Issues on Nuvoton Nano100 Series The core issue revolves around the failure to receive any data on the UART serial terminal despite the code compiling successfully. The user is attempting to configure and use UART0 and UART1 on an ARM Cortex-M0 microcontroller from the Nuvoton Nano100 Series. The code includes clock…
ARMv8 SVE Contiguous Non-Fault Load Instructions: Key Concepts and Use Cases The ARMv8 Scalable Vector Extension (SVE) introduces a powerful set of instructions designed to enhance performance in data-parallel workloads. Among these, the contiguous non-fault load instructions (LDNF) stand out as a specialized tool for handling memory operations in scenarios where fault tolerance and predictable…